Underlying Causes of High Output Heart Failure

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Author Info

Qiuhua Shen John B. Hiebert Janet D. Pierce

Corresponding Author

Qiuhua Shen
Assistant Professor, University of Kansas, School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

A B S T R A C T

In the U.S., each year, there are more than 500,000 new cases of all types of heart failure. With high output cardiac failure, there is an elevated cardiac output associated with several conditions and diseases, including obesity, chronic anemia, systemic arterio-venous fistula, hypercapnia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperthyroidism. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms relate to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance from arterio-venous shunting or peripheral vasodilation. Often there is a decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure and neurohormonal activation leading to heart failure symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. In a persistent high output state, patients may experience tachycardia, valvular abnormalities, and ventricular dilatation and/or hypertrophy. In this article, there is a review of high output heart failure, including the prevalence, pathophysiology, and common clinical causes of this disease.

Article Info

Article Type

Review Article

Publication history

Received: Sat 29, Aug 2020
Accepted: Fri 04, Dec 2020
Published: Fri 18, Dec 2020

Copyright

© 2023 Qiuhua Shen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Hosting by Science Repository.
DOI: 10.31487/j.JICOA.2020.06.04