Piwi-Interacting RNAs As Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Cancer: A Pooling Analysis of Retrospective Studies

A B S T R A C T

Background: P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the most mysterious class of small non-coding RNAs. They limit gene expression in gonads and sequence diversity. Dysregulated piRNAs can led to all kinds of cancers. Recently, piRNAs were postulated to be potentially useful biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, there lack a systematic review of prognostic and diagnostic piRNAs in neoplasms. The study aimed to decipher the relationships between piRNAs expression, diagnostic and prognostic outcome in tumors.
Methods: This study systematically searched Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Ovid-Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and SinoMed databases for relevant articles published before July 13, 2022. The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020208717).
Results: Thirty relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis: 19 on diagnosis and 23 on prognosis. The pooled adds ratio, 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and hazard ratios (HR) of the studies were used to investigate the clinical parameters and overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity was 0.82, 79%, and 77% in tumors, respectively. Though abnormally expressed piRNAs were associated with poor and unfavorable impacts on the OS time of cancer patients (HR=1.00, 95% Cl: 1.00-1.00, P<0.00001). Meanwhile, piRNAs in the breast cancer had favorable impacts on the OS (HR=0.70, 95% CI:0.45-1.09). However, the piRNAs in cell renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and gastric cancer had bad favorable impacts on the OS (HR=1.46, 95% CI:1.37-1.55; HR=1.56, 95% CI:1.24 -1.95; HR=2.19, 95% CI:1.25-3.86; HR=1.01, 95% CI:0.97-1.04, respectively).
Conclusions: The results strongly suggested that piRNAs were potential novel prognostic and diagnostic indicators in tumors.

Keywords

piRNAs, cancer, diagnosis, prognosis, sensitivity, specificity



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Article Info

Article Type
Research Article
Publication history
Received: Fri 27, Jan 2023
Accepted: Thu 23, Feb 2023
Published: Tue 28, Feb 2023
Copyright
© 2023 Liyun Gao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Hosting by Science Repository.
DOI: 10.31487/j.COR.2023.01.03

Author Info

Liyun Gao Chunhua Han Junfei Fan Jiayin He Shiqun Yu Ting Luo Wenyan Fan Xiangxin Che Xin Wang

Corresponding Author
Liyun Gao
Laboratory of Precision Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, China

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