Alexander T.  Mazal,Carlos A.  Bagley,David L. McDonagh,Matthew T.  Davies,Owen R.  Davenport,
A Novel Approach to Maintaining Normothermia in Major Spinal Deformity Surgery with an Esophageal Warming Device
Surgical Case Reports
2020
2613-5965
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.SCR.2020.06.05
https://www.sciencerepository.org/a-novel-approach-to-maintaining-normothermia-in-major-spinal-deformity_SCR-2020-6-105 
Abstract: Maintenance of normothermia is a priority during major spinal deformity surgery. However, this is difficult
due to the large body surface area exposed to ambient temperatures. We report the novel use of an
esophageal warming device, added to standard care, to maintain normothermia in three patients. We
conclude that esophageal warming is feasible in major spine surgery with no apparent complications. Safety
and efficacy, as compared to standard warming devices, will need to be determined in future prospective
trials.Keywords: Spine surgery, intraoperative, normothermia, esophageal warming