Candice C.  Black,Harvinder S  Jagait,Jesse S  Bond,Julianna M  Czum,
Mediastinal Lymphangiohemangioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature with Focus on the Ambiguous Nomenclature
Surgical Case Reports
2019
2613-5965
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.SCR.2019.01.005
https://www.sciencerepository.org/mediastinal-lymphangiohemangioma-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature-with-focus-on-the-ambiguous-nomenclature_SR-SCR-2019-1-105 
Abstract: The benign mediastinal vascular lesion is an area in medicine with ambiguous terminology and poor interand intra-disciplinary agreement. Lymphangiohemangioma of the mediastinum is a rare, benign entity with
few previous reports in the US literature. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with shortness of
breath and chest pain who was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass on imaging. The MRI features
favored a mediastinal hemangioma with a differential diagnosis that included thymoma. The multilobulated mass was surgically removed however the left phrenic nerve was sacrificed during the resection.
Histologically the lesion consisted of dilated vascular spaces of varying sizes with intra-luminal, calcified
phleboliths. A variety of equivocal diagnostic terms were considered for a benign, mediastinal vascular
lesion. Subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the vessel lining consisted of both vascular and
lymphatic endothelium therefore the final diagnosis made was mediastinal lymphangiohemangioma.Keywords: Mediastinal Lymphangiohemangioma, Ambiguous Nomenclature