Table 1: Reports of carotid-cavernous fistula affecting the trigeminal nerve.
|
Author, year |
Classification |
Cause of symptoms |
Trigeminal syndrome |
Treatment |
Result |
|
Bartlow et al., 1975 [8] |
Direct, high flow (Barrow A) |
Superior petrous sinus dilatation with compression |
Trigeminal neuralgia |
Non reported |
Non reported |
|
von Rad et al., 1975 [7] |
Non reported |
Non reported |
Trigeminal neuropathy |
Carotid artery compression |
Improved |
|
Rizzo et al., 1982 [6] |
Indirect, low flow (Barrow C) |
Gasser ganglion compression or steal of blood flow of the ganglion or venous congestion on Meckel’s cave |
Trigeminal neuropathy |
Surgery |
Cure of tinidus, improved facial parestesia |
|
Du et al., 2003 [12] |
Indirect, high flow (Barrow D) |
Mass efect on gasserian ganglion |
Trigeminal neuralgia |
Embolization |
Absence of pain |
|
Jensen et al., 2004 [9] |
Indirect, low flow (Barrow D) |
Venous congestion on foramen ovale |
Trigeminal neuropathy with difficulty to close the mouth |
Embolization |
Absence of symptoms |
|
Fukutome et al, 2017 [18] |
Indirect, high flow (Barrow D) |
Pulsatile venous compression Meckel cave |
Trigeminal neuralgia |
Embolization |
Absence of pain |
|
Present case |
Indirect, low flow (Barrow B) |
Not identified |
Trigeminal neuralgia |
Embolization |
Absence of pain |