Table 1: Reports of carotid-cavernous fistula affecting the trigeminal nerve.

Author, year

Classification

Cause of symptoms

Trigeminal syndrome

Treatment

Result

Bartlow et al., 1975 [8]

Direct, high flow

(Barrow A)

Superior petrous sinus dilatation with compression

Trigeminal neuralgia 

Non reported

Non reported

von Rad et al., 1975 [7]

Non reported

Non reported

Trigeminal neuropathy 

Carotid artery compression

Improved 

Rizzo et al., 1982 [6]

Indirect, low flow

(Barrow C)

Gasser ganglion compression or steal of blood flow of the ganglion or venous congestion on Meckel’s cave

Trigeminal neuropathy 

Surgery

Cure of tinidus, improved facial parestesia

Du et al., 2003 [12]

Indirect, high flow (Barrow D)

Mass efect on gasserian ganglion

Trigeminal neuralgia 

Embolization 

Absence of pain

Jensen et al., 2004 [9]

Indirect, low flow

(Barrow D)

Venous congestion on foramen ovale

Trigeminal neuropathy with difficulty to close the mouth

Embolization 

Absence of symptoms

Fukutome et al, 2017 [18]

Indirect, high flow (Barrow D)

Pulsatile venous compression Meckel cave

Trigeminal neuralgia 

Embolization

Absence of pain

Present case

Indirect, low flow

(Barrow B)

Not identified

Trigeminal neuralgia 

Embolization

Absence of pain