Surgical or Percutaneous Management

Author

Age/Sex

Medical Hx

Original stent location

Embolization site

Management

Outcome

Saeed et al. [17]

54F

Budd-Chiari syndrome

IVC

Left PA

Percutaneous removal

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Grosso et al. [18]

66F

Diabetes mellitus

R hepatic vein and R branch of the portal vein

Left PA

Percutaneous removal

3 month follow-up, expired due to chronic renal insufficiency

Slonim et al. [6]

     patient 1

     patient 2

46M

25M

SVC

Unspecified upper extremity

Left PA

Right PA

Repositioned with balloon to EIV

Repositioned with balloon to EIV

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Rumi et al. [15]

52M

ESRD, Cirrhosis

Hepatic vein

Left PA

Percutaneous removal

7 month follow-up, no complications

Ashar et al. [19]

32M

Trauma, h/o repeated leg swelling

R iliac vein

Right PA and RV

Percutaneous removal

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Chiu et al. [14]

82F

ESRD

SVC

Right PA

Attempted percutaneous removal

1 year follow-up, no complications

Ho et al. [20]

61M

ESRD

L brachial-to-basilic AV loop

Left main PA

Median sternotomy, left pulmonary artery incision

Discharged on post-operative day 2, no complications

Dashkoff et al. [13]

     patient 1

     patient 2

33M

46F

ESRD 2/2 IgA nephropathy

ESRD 2/2 HUS

Right basilic vein

Right femoral vein

Right LL PA

Right LL PA

Percutaneous removal

Warfarin, dose/duration not specified

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Anand et al. [9]

56M

NSCLC

SVC

Left LL PA

Attempted percutaneous removal; ½ remained in R common femoral vein

Expired 3 days after procedure due to respiratory failure

Cabestrero et al. [21]

24M

Left pulmonary ostial stenosis

L pulmonary artery branch

Lobar branch distal right PA

Arteriotomy

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Plones et al. [10]

64F

Lung cancer, type unspecified

L bronchial branch

Left PA

Palliative pneumonectomy

Expired intraoperatively due to uncontrollable bleeding

Balasubramaniyam et al. [22]

44F

ESRD

RLE

Right atrium, Left PA

Initial conservative management, dose/duration not specified; later not specified elective surgical removal

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Dwivedi et al. [23]

53F

ESRD

LUE AV Graft

Left PA

Percutaneous removal

2-year follow-up, no complications

Conservative Management

Marcy et al. [12]

61F

Stage IV breast cancer

L innominate vein

Right PA

“Long-term anti-vitamin K therapy,” dose/duration not specified

9-month follow-up, expired due to metastatic breast cancer

Sharma et al. [24]

70M

ESRD

R subclavian vein

Right PA

No intervention

7-year follow-up, expired due to UTI-related septicemia

Linda et al. [25]

47F

SCLC

SVC

Left PA

No intervention

3-month follow-up, expired due to respiratory failure

Kakisis et al. [11]

83M

ESRD

L brachiocephalic vein

Right LL PA

Clopidogrel, dose/duration not specified

4-year follow-up, expired due to old age

Fernandez-Juarez et al. [26]

57M

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease

Left radiocephalic AVF

Right Lung

No intervention

Further follow-up and complications not specified

Gabelmann et al. [27]

     patient 1

     patient 2

     patient 3

57M

44M

52F

Liver  disease

Liver disease

Liver disease

TIPS

TIPS

TIPS

Right LL PA

Left LL PA

Right LL PA

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

42 month mean follow-up among these 3 patients, no complications

Sy [28]

54F

ESRD

Unspecified peripheral AVF

Right LL PA

No intervention

4 month follow-up, symptomatic improvement

Goelitz et al. [16]

48M

Hepatocellular carcinoma

IVC

Right PA

No intervention

Further follow-up and complications not specified