Scientific name

Common name

Traditional name

Family

Pharmacological effects

Ref.

Pimpinella anisum L.

Anise

Anison

Apiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vivo), Bradycardia (in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Hepatoprotective (in vitro, in vivo)

[40-44]

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.

Feverfew

Aqhovan

Asteraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[45-47]

Lavandula stoechas L.

Lavender

Ostokhoddus

Lamiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro),

Anti-insulin resistant (in vitro, in vitro)

[48-50]

Moringa oleifera Lam

Moringa

Ban

Moringaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro, in vivo), Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Anti-obesity (in vivo),

Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet aggregation (in vitro),

Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[51-58]

Matricaria chamomilla Blanco

Chamomile

Babunaj

Asteraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vivo),

Anti-obesity (in vivo),

Anti-platelet aggregation (in vitro)

[59, 60]

Melissa officinalis L.

Lemon Balm

Badranjbuie

Lamiaceae

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo), Cardiovascular effects (human study), Anti-hypertensive (human study), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[61, 62]

Adiantum capillus veneris L.

Maidenhair Fern

Paresiavashan

Pteridaceae

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro, in vivo)

[63]

Ficus carica L.

Common Fig

Tin

Moraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-obesity (in vitro),

Anti-hypertensive (in vitro, in vivo), Decreasing heart rate (in vitro, in vivo), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[64-68]

Gentiana lutea L.

Great Yellow Gentian

Gentiana

Gentianaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro),

Anti-migratory (in vitro)

[69]

Teucrium polium L.

Fetty Germander

Jade

Lamiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Positive inotropic on the heart (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vivo), Vasorelaxant (in vivo),

Improving endothelial dysfunction (in vivo),

Improving vascular inflammation (in vivo)

[70-72]

ocimum gratissimum L.

Clove Basil

jamsfaram

Lamiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vitro, in vivo)

[73-75]

Lawsonia inermis L.

Henna

Henna

Lythraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Thrombolytic (in vitro), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[76]

Foeniculum vulgar Miller

Fennel

Razianaj

Apiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Anti-thrombotic (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vivo), Hepatoprotective(in vivo)

[77, 78]

Crocus sativus L.

Saffron

Zaferan

Iridaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro, in vivo), Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vivo)

[79-82]

Nardostachys jatamansi DC

Spikenard

Sonbol

Caprifoliaceae

(Valerian)

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vitro),

Anti-hypertensive (in vitro), Hepatoprotectiv (in vivo)

[83-85]

Anethum graveolens L

Dill

Shebet

Apiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (human study), Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo, human study),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo, human study)

[86-88]

Aloe vera L.

Aloe

Sabr

Asphodelaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-obesity (in vivo),

Prevention of vascular calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (in vitro, in vivo),

Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[89-93]

Taraxacum officinalis Weber

Dandelion

Tharhashghogh

Asteraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo), Anticoagulant and anti-platelet activity (in vitro)

[94-96]

Juniperus oxycedrus L

Cade

Arar

Cupressaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vivo)

[97-99]

Marrubium vulgare L.

White Horehound

Farasion

Lamiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic, (in vivo), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[100-103]

Pistacia vera L.

Pistachio

Phostogh

Anacardiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, human study), Anti- inflammatory (human study), Anti- dyslipidemia (human study), Anti-diabetic (human study)

[104, 105]

Rubia tinctorum L.

Rose Madder

Fovvat-al-sabbaghin

Rubiaceae

Anti-platelet aggregation (in vitro, in vivo)

[106]

Capparis spinose L.

Caper

Kabar

Capparaceae

Anti-oxidant (, in vitro in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (human study), Anti-diabetic (in vivo, human study), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[107-109]

Apium graveolens L.

Celery

Karafs

Apiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-hyperglycemia (in vivo), Vasodilator (in vivo),

Decrease heart rate (in vivo),

Anti-hypertensive (in vivo)

[110-112]

Cuscuta chinensis Lim.

Chinese Dodder

Koshoos

Convulvulaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-diabetic (in vivo),

Cardio protective (in vivo),

Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[113]

Plantago major L.

Broadleaf Plantain

Lesan-al-hamal

plantaginaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[114-116]

Prunus dulcis

Almond

Lawz

Rosaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo, human study),

Improving vascular endothelial function (in vivo),

 Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[117-122]

Commiphora myrrh (Nees) Engl.

Myrrh

Morr

Burseraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro)

[123]

Origanum majoran L.

Majoram

Marzanjush

Lamiaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-platelet activities (in vitro), Preventing proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (in vivo), Hepatoprotective (in vivo)

[124-127]

Trachyspermum ammi (L) Sprague ex Turrill

Ajwain

Nankhah

Apiaceae

Antioxidant (in vitro),

Anti-inflammatory (in vivo),

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-platelet aggregation (in vivo), Antihypertensive (in vivo), Bradycardia (in vivo)

[128, 129]

Acorus calamus L.

Sweet Flag

Vajj

Araceae

Anti- dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-diabetic (in vitro, in vivo)

[130, 131]

Hypericum perforatum L.

Perforate St John's-Wort

Hufarigon

Hypericaceae

Anti-diabetic (in vivo)

[132]

Cichorium intybus L.

Chicory

Handeba

Asteraceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-inflammatory (in vitro, in vivo), Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vivo), Endothelium dependent vasodilation (in vivo),

Anti-platelet aggregation (human study),

Hepatoprotective (in vivo),

Anti-hypertension (in vivo)

[133-137]

Asparagus officinalis L.

Asparagus

Helyoon

Asparagaceae

Anti-oxidant (in vitro, in vivo),

Anti-dyslipidemia (in vivo, human study),

Anti-hyperglycemic (in vivo, human study),

Anti-hypertension (in vivo, human study)

[138, 139]