Table 1: Human ncRNAs types and
functions.
|
Name |
Function |
Length |
|
microRNAs(miRNAs) |
mRNAs
regulation, transcriptional regulators, lncRNAs regulators, Toll receptor
ligands, stabilization of Ago proteins -RISC complex- |
25-100
bp |
|
tRF-derived
RNA fragments |
Regulatory roles
in several biological contexts post-transcriptional
gene regulation. |
40-200
nt |
|
piRNA |
Mostly
involved in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional silencing of transposable
elements. |
26-31
nt |
|
Small
Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNA) |
RNA
modification guides |
|
|
Small
nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) |
RNA
modification guides |
60
to 170 nt |
|
Transference
RNA (tRNA) |
Translation-related
RNAs |
76
to 90 nt |
|
YRNA |
Regulatory
RNAs Immunity |
24
to 34nt |
|
Vault
RNA |
Regulatory
RNAs |
88
and 140 nt |
|
Small
nuclear RNA (snRNA) |
Spliceosomal
RNA |
150
nt |
|
RNA
component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) |
Catalytic
RNAs |
|
|
Signal
recognition particle RNA (7SL) |
Translation-related
RNAs |
|
|
7SK |
Regulatory
RNAs |
|
|
Ribonuclease
P (RNAseP) |
Catalytic
RNAs |
|
|
Long
non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) |
Large repertoire
of functions Decoy,
signal, guide, enhancer, scaffold, enzyme regulator, splicing modulation,
small RNA precursor, extracellular secretion, targeting mRNAs, targeting
proteins and miRNAs sponge. |
More
than ~IK200 nt |
|
rRNA |
Translation-related
RNAs |
~1800-5000
nt |