Effects of acute cold exposure on plasma inflammatory and lipid biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk

Effects of acute cold exposure on plasma inflammatory and lipid biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk

Author Info

Corresponding Author
Sarah Ullevig
Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX

A B S T R A C T

Purpose: Acute cold exposure (ACE) stimulates metabolism but data evaluating inflammatory and lipid biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease in response to ACE are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between ACE and inflammatory and lipid biomarkers. Methods: Twenty subjects underwent 30 min of ACE with blood drawn: 1) pre-ACE (baseline), 2) at 30 min ACE, and 3) 2 h post-ACE. Plasma was analyzed for 10 cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (CCL2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INFγ)), 9 acute phase proteins (ferritin, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, serum amyloid P, tissue plasminogen, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, α-2-macroglobin), and 5 lipid biomarkers (triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL), and total cholesterol). Heart rate, whole body oxygen consumption (VO2), energy expenditure (EE), shivering sensations, and pain were measured prior and during ACE. Results: ACE increased heart rate by 11%, shivering sensations by 4-fold, pain by 2-fold, VO2 by 50%, and EE by 52%. IL-1β increased after 30 min ACE by 24% (p=0.048) and 2 h post ACE by 65% (p=0.01). Alpha-2-macroglobin increased after 30 min ACE by 16% (p=0.005) and returned to baseline levels 2 h post-ACE. HDL increased at 2 h post-ACE by 15% (p=0.034). Sex differences were noted between IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, ferritin, α-2-macroglobin and HDL. Conclusions: These findings indicate ACE increases EE and modifies inflammation, the acute phase response, and lipid metabolism.

Article Info

Article Type
Case Report & Literature Review
Publication history
Received: Thu 20, Dec 2018
Accepted: Mon 21, Jan 2019
Published: Tue 26, Feb 2019
Copyright
© 2023 Sarah Ullevig. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Hosting by Science Repository.
DOI: 10.31487/j.JICOA.2019.01.004